The Problem:
Nigeria is grappling with a severe and escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis, fueled by several intertwined factors:
High rates of infectious diseases lead to a high demand for antimicrobials. Overuse and misuse of these drugs are common, with antimicrobials often prescribed inappropriately, used without completing the prescribed course, and available over-the-counter. This misuse contributes to the development and spread of resistant strains. Poor infection prevention and control practices, along with inadequate hygiene and sanitation in healthcare facilities and communities, facilitate the transmission of resistant bacteria.
Limited access to diagnostics results in empiric treatment with broad-spectrum antimicrobials, further fueling resistance. Weak regulatory frameworks allow inappropriate antimicrobial sales and use. Additionally, there is a lack of awareness and education among the public and healthcare professionals about AMR and appropriate antimicrobial use, hampering effective stewardship. Inadequate healthcare infrastructure, including overcrowded hospitals and understaffed facilities, exacerbates the spread of infections and limits infection control measures.
To address these challenges, Nigeria needs a coordinated and comprehensive strategy to mitigate the impact of AMR on public health.
